Etiology, evaluation, and management of facial nerve trauma

A typical presenting concern in general practitioners' offices, emergency rooms, otolaryngology, and neurology departments are facial nerve paralysis. Penetrating injury to the nerve, especially iatrogenic damage, is one of most frequent traumatic reasons The paralysis that results from blunt trauma crushes frequently appears as an incomplete or delayed affected part will determine how manifests clinically. For adequate patient counseling with respect prognosis management, accurate diagnosis palsy must be achieved. often employed standardized instrument for determining level weakness House-Brackmann 6-grade activity. greatest success chances reanimation occur cases a recent, sudden transection i.e., less than 72 hours, where quickly identified repaired using direct coaptation interposition grafts. primary strategy care surveillance situations it known physically intact such force complete Neurological, muscular, static, plastic treatments some examples approaches.